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The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism And The Fourth American Revolution, by Michael Lind
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The question of American identity has exploded in a series of debates about immigration, racial preference, education, family values, and the writing of American history. This study asks whether Americans are now, or ever have been, a nation. It aims to present a challenge to every kind of orthodox opinion, as well as a sweeping revisionist view of the American past, present and future.
- Sales Rank: #1825845 in Books
- Published on: 1995-07-26
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.75" h x 6.75" w x 1.50" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 436 pages
- current events
Amazon.com Review
Michael Lind's unsettling and ambitious new book brilliantly challenges the culture-war extremists of both the right and the left, develops a sweeping reinterpretation of American history, and offers an original vision of a better American future. Even at points of disagreement, I am greatly impressed by the toughness of Lind's intellect, the breadth of his knowledge, and the decency of his aspirations for our country. This book may well prove to be the most consequential book of the year--and several years to come.
From Publishers Weekly
Rich, challenging and sometimes maddening, this broad analysis and agenda for political reform should spark much debate. Lind, a Harper's senior editor, is a lapsed conservative and the current wunderkind among neoliberals. Here he argues against both left-wing multiculturalists, who consider the nation "a federation of races," and right-wing universalists, who say America is based on an abstract notion of liberal democracy ("The very notion of a country based on an idea is absurd"). Those are caricatures, and Lind's sweeping survey of American history and national identity is intriguing but selective. But his critique of Multicultural America?his term for our current state?has resonance: we have no agreed-on history, holidays, myths or monuments regarding anything that happened after Martin Luther King. Moreover, his attack on the "white overclass," from legacy preference in college admissions ("by far the largest affirmative action program") to regressive taxation, buttresses his claim that we should not fear cultural balkanization so much as "Brazilianization"?an informal, race-based caste system. Culturally, he advocates a "liberal nationalism" that recognizes a "Trans-American" nation, one without racial preferences and in which an American identity trumps ethnic ones. Politically, he argues for multiparty, proportional representation, for treating higher education as a "public utility" and, in a revival of the New Deal spirit, for an "old-fashioned redistribution of wealth."
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
Richard Bernstein The New York Times A brash, refreshingly unorthodox, always interesting performance by a young man who defies the usual political categories of left and right, liberal and conservative....He brilliantly describes the elements of a common American culture. -- Review
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
lind develops a new view of American history and politics
By A Customer
Michael Lind provides a fantastic reinterpretation of American history while asserting a unique and contrarian vision for the future. He divides American history into three eras -- the first from before the Revolution through the Civil War, the Second from the Civil War to the early 60s, and the final one from the 60s to the current. He says the epochs differed from each other in that each one had its own informal (but very real) set of criteria that would determine whether a particular individual qualified as a "true" American citizen. To qualify for that title in the first era, one had to be white, Anglo-saxon, and Protestant. In the next era, a de facto American was considered to be anyone who was white and Christian. He describes the current era in overwhelmingly negative terms. First, he points out that affirmative-action programs have served to divide, rather than unite, the people of this nation by making individuals conceive of themselves as members of some artificial bureaucratically-invented ethnic group, rather than as members of an ethnically diverse America. Everyone except white males gets preferences these days, and Lind calls for the abolition of affirmative action by quoting the noble Martin Luther King, Jr. Despite taking a conservative stance on that one particular issue, (and, arguably, a few of his other stances are fairly conservative) Lind is no right-wing ideologue. In fact, he argues that the Republican and Democratic Parties (he used to be a Republican before changing his tune) are both dominated by the rich and influential through our campaign-finance system, which he likens to bribery. Lind writes extensively on the concentration of wealth in this country that has occurred over the last 25 years, and he blames conservatives who shifted the tax burden from the rich onto the poor. He proposes free college education for everyone, and a return to a progressive tax system based on one's ability to pay. Lind takes issue with the theory of free trade, whi! ch he asserts has worked only to the benefit of the rich and upper-middle class in this country. He also argues for a more restrictive immigration policy that is based on the admission of technically skilled foreigners into the country, asserting that such a policy would improve equality and efficiency in the economy. Lind addresses so many issues with such intelligence and insight that it is difficult to detail them all here. Lets just say he offers a brilliant and onorthodox view of history, and advances a comprehensive plan to get American past our current quagmire, and into our "fourth era." His policy prescriptions and social perspective are developed by taking the very best ideas from the right and left, and melding them together. (on the balance, he is slightly left of the center, but certainly unique even among people in that grouping) While I didn't agree with everything he said (i'm somewhat more to the left), I was very impressed with this book, and agreed overwhelmingly with the basic themes expressed therein. This book's advice will probably not be implemented into policy by our ruling elites, but that's a shame. Lind has alot to offer in this book, which is one of the very best (and most unusual) analyses of American politics and history to be written in quite some time.
62 of 65 people found the following review helpful.
A Book America's Bipartisan Elite Does Not Want You to Read
By the dirty mac
It is impossible to do justice to such a wide-ranging book in only a few paragraphs. Fundamentally, Lind provides a three-phase interpretation of American history. As he sees it, the U.S. has experienced three genuine "revolutions": the American Revolution which led to the era of "Anglo America" (1789-1860), the Civil War/Reconstruction which led to "Euro-America" (1876-1954) and the Civil Rights Revolution which led to "Multicultural America" (1970-present).
The book's middle chapters are a devastating critique of today's status quo. Lind finds fault across the political spectrum. "Since the 1970s ... racial preference policies, associated with the political left, have been extended into one area of American life after another ... [Meanwhile] government policies unfavorable to labor, of the kind one thinks of as conservative, have been pursued under both Republican and Democratic administrations." However, "In reality there is no contradiction between left-wing civil rights policy and right-wing economics."
Instead of threatening the system, multiculturalism is corporate America's secret weapon. In the early 1970s it was President Nixon who instituted the first great wave of affirmative action and school busing, with the intent of driving a wedge between the labor and civil rights movements. (The strategy worked.) After the 1990 census, the first Bush administration collaborated with the civil rights establishment to reapportion and create as many black and Hispanic congressional districts as possible, thereby pulling the rug out from under white Democrats in surrounding districts and making it easier for the GOP to win control of Congress in 1994. As Lind notes: "Tokenism provides suitably 'progressive' camoflauge for a system of divide-and-rule politics ... Without the political division of wage-earning white, black and Hispanic Americans along racial lines, it is doubtful that the white overclass would have been able to carry out its agenda of destroying unions, reducing wages, cutting employee benefits, replacing full-time workers with temps, and shifting the burden of taxation from the rich to the middle class, with so little effective opposition."
Today there is no two-party system in the U.S. Rather, we have a one and a half party system -- a socially conservative corporate party (the Republicans) and a socially liberal corporate party (the Democrats). The "conservative" elites on Wall Street and the "liberal" elites in Hollywood both support outrageously high rates of immigration, affirmative action, and a dogmatic commitment to free trade.
Lind puts forward a series of policy proposals that are an iconoclastic blend of conservatism and liberalism. Lind favors a system of "proportional voting" that would blow up the two-party duopoly and open the door to new parties and policy options. He would break the grip of special interests by banning all paid political advertising and replacing it with free and equal media time and mandatory debates. He would raise wages by banning unskilled immigrants (and potential terrorists) from entering the country and by repealing laws that encourage the use of temp labor. He similarly favors a "social tariff" on Third World imports. (Lind is not a knee-jerk protectionist; he opposes tariff barriers between First World countries.) He supports the repeal of affirmative action, not only for women and nonwhites but especially for wealthy white kids who secretly benefit from "legacy preference" in college admissions. He favors a "war on oligarchy" that would drastically reform the legal and medical professions too.
This is an amazingly original and bracing book. Don't hold your breath waiting for Lind's ideas to be implemented any time soon. But he brilliantly spells them out, and that's the essential first step.
7 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
A COURAGEOUS, GROUNDBREAKING BOOK
By A Customer
I first became aware of this book when it was reviewed in the VILLAGE VOICE in 1995 and I was instantly intrigued. Whereas certain other intellectuals and pundits sell-out to the conventional wisdom, Lind scrutinizes it, debunks it, defies it. That alone merits respect. There is so much to praise in this ambitious book, where to start? Lind presents a three-phase analysis of American history. Each phase has its own "extra-constitutional bargain" defining relationships between classes and who is or is not an authentic "American". His presentation of the misbegotten evolution of affirmative action in the the third and current phase will open the eyes of liberal and conservative readers alike. Good stuff. Lind pokes fun at how much ink has been wasted over the years debating and studying the underclass to death, while no one says a peep about the havoc wrought by the overclass. In his account, the "white overclass" is no more than twenty percent of America's population and consists of overpaid attorneys, CEOs and others with post-graduate degrees who are animating both political parties with a free-market, largely libertarian worldview at odds with the populist "wage-earning majority" of all races and ethnic groups. When Lind starts exposing the "hypocrisy and cunning" of the overclass...oh man, music to my ears. I don't want to give much more away. I will add that his analysis of the folly of recent immigration policy and his advocacy of a "social tariff" really hit the bulls-eye. His description of a possible trans-racial, post-multicultural "Fourth American Republic" ends things on an imaginative and optimistic note. Just terrific.
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